For good or bad, cassava (or manioc) is the staple
crop throughout the Congo. Cassava is cultivated for it's fleshy
tuberous root which can be cooked and eaten like a potato or
dried and pounded into flour. The leaves are also prepared in
a dish very similar to spinach. Although cassava is easy to grow
and readily provides a high calorie diet, it is dreadfully low
in protein (<1.5 %).
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The process of preparing cassava is long and
laborious. The root is first peeled and soaked for several days
in running water to leach out naturally occuring cyanide compounds.
Then, after drying completely in the sun, the fibrous, starchy
root is pounded into flour using large wooden mortars and sifted
to yield a fine white powder the consistency of talc.
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Luku (cassava bread) is made with cassava flour
alone or for improved protein content is mixed with other flours
such as yellow corn (most common in our area), millet or sorghum.
The flour is boiled briefly in water and then removed from the
heat and beaten with a wooden paddle into a stiff ball which
has the consistency of pizza dough. Luku is always served with
side dishes and although bland tasting, it is very filling.
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Here is a collection of various vegetable foods
commonly available in central Congo. How many of them can you
name? Click on the image for the answers.
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We counted 15 different varieties of bananas
growing in our area. Here are 6 different types along with a
collection of various fruits commonly available in central Congo.
How many of them can you name? Click on the image for the answers.
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Insects are an important part of the diet and
an excellent source of protein. These men are showing off a favorite
- palm grubs (larvae of a species of rhinoceros beetle), which
are dug out of rotting palm trees. Other insects commonly eaten
include termites, caterpillars, grasshoppers, katydids and crickets.
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Oil palm trees are very common and the sole source
of cooking oil in the area.
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Palm nuts grow in large clusters up to a meter
(1 yard) across. The palm nut cluster (regime) must be
handled very carefully as it is covered with sharp, stiff spines
which can easily pierce your hand.
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Once the nuts are removed from the regime,
they are briefly steamed, and the oily, fibrous husk is removed
by pounding in a mortar.
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Bright-orange oil, squeezed from the fibrous
husk, is delicious, exceedingly rich in vitamin A and ready for
use without any further processing. In our area the government,
in cooperation with the European-supported palm oil industry,
maintained their oil production monopoly by forbidding any mechanized
means of oil extraction by the local people. Anyone caught preparing
oil by a mechanized process (even for personal use) in any way
other than by hand would be subject to imprisonment.
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Although not technically a food, it is probably
appropriate to mention Cola Nuts in this section. Cola Nut trees
are the property of the presiding elder or chief in each village
area and traditional law deems it illegal to harm a Cola Nut
tree in any way. Cola Nuts are an appropriate gift when visiting
an elder or chief and are a traditional stimulant which are commonly
chewed, particularly when drinking Palm Wine. They are intensely
bitter and are the original source of caffeine and flavoring
for the drink Coca Cola.
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